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U.S. Business Formation Education — Intermediate

Practical information for those preparing to incorporate. Covers detailed state comparisons, EIN procedures, bank account setup, and tax basics.

SECTION 01

Detailed State Comparison

An in-depth comparison of the 6 states most popular with non-residents for business formation.

CategoryWyomingDelawareNew MexicoCaliforniaTexasFlorida
Filing Fee$100$110$51$70$300~$125
Annual Report$60/yr$300/yrNone$20/yrNone$138.75/yr
Franchise TaxNone$300/yrNone$800/yrNone*None
State Income TaxNoneNone*4.8%1~13.3%NoneNone
Processing Time1-3 days3-5 days1-5 days3-5 days2-3 days3-5 days
PrivacyVery HighModerateHighLowModerateModerate
Member DisclosurePrivatePrivatePrivatePublicPrivatePublic

* For non-residents with no business activity in the state / Texas LLC: No Franchise Tax if revenue is under $2.47M

🚨
California $800 Franchise Tax TrapIf you do business in California (customers, employees, or inventory in CA), you must register as a Foreign LLC and pay the $800 franchise tax — even if you formed in another state and even if you have zero revenue.

2-Year Cumulative Cost Comparison by State

$420
$100
$120x2
WY
$1,210
$110
$300x2
$300x2
DE
$251
$51
$100x2
NM
$1,910
$70
$40
$800x2
CA
$500
$300
$100x2
TX
$602
$125
$239x2
FL
Filing Fee
Annual Report+RA
Franchise Tax

※ Assumes $100/yr RA cost. CPA/Virtual Office costs not included. CA first-year exemption not applied.

SECTION 02

LLC vs Corporation — Practical Comparison

CategoryLLCC-Corporation
Owner TitleMember (Member)Shareholder (Shareholder)
TaxationPass-through (single)Double taxation
Formation DocumentArticles of OrganizationArticles of Incorporation
Internal RulesOperating AgreementBylaws
FundraisingDifficultEasy (stock issuance)
FlexibilityVery HighFixed structure
Federal Tax RateIndividual rate 10-37%Corporate 21% + dividend tax

LLC vs C-Corp Decision Tree (Detailed)

Do you plan to raise U.S. VC/angel investment?
YES
Need stock options to attract talent?
Delaware C-Corp
VC standard, stock issuance, options
Delaware C-Corp
In any case, VC = C-Corp
NO
Business type?
E-commerce/Freelance
→ Wyoming LLC
SaaS/Service
→ Wyoming or DE LLC

SECTION 03

Understanding the U.S. Address System

In the U.S., it is standard practice to separate the RA address from the business address.

Address Usage Mapping Diagram

📍 RA (Registered Agent) Address

Physical address required in formation state · No P.O. Box

Secretary of State (entity registration)
Legal document receipt (lawsuits, etc.)
State government correspondence

📍 Business Mailing Address

Virtual office or physical office

IRS (EIN application, tax filing)
Bank account (KYC verification)
Stripe, PayPal, payment services
Amazon Seller Central
Clients, partners, business cards, invoices
Business license
⚠️
Do not confuse the RA address with your business addressThe RA address is used only for Secretary of State registration. Use a separate Business Mailing address for the IRS, banks, and clients.

Auteur provides both a Registered Agent (RA) service and Virtual Office (Business Mailing address).

SECTION 04

EIN Acquisition — Practical Guide

Similar to a Korean business registration number. The process differs depending on whether you have an SSN.

EIN Application Flow

Entity Formation Complete → Apply for EIN

🟢 Online (with SSN)

Access IRS website
Fill out form (10-15 min)
EIN issued immediately
⏱ Instant

🔵 Fax (without SSN)

Fill out Form SS-4
Fax to 855-215-1627
Wait for return fax
⏱ 4-7 business days

🟡 Mail (without SSN)

Fill out Form SS-4
Mail to IRS
Wait for reply by mail
⏱ 4-8 weeks

※ Phone application also available: 267-941-1099 (Mon-Fri 6AM-11PM ET, English required)

SECTION 05

Tax Basics & Calendar

Tax structure and key filing dates for U.S. entities.

LLC (Pass-through)

No tax on the entity itself → profits "pass through" to members → paid as personal income tax. Taxed only once.

C-Corp (Double Taxation)

Pay 21% corporate tax → distribute after-tax profits as dividends → shareholders pay dividend income tax. Same money taxed twice.

Tax Calendar

JAN
15th: Q4 estimated tax
31st: W-2/1099 issuance
FEB
MAR
15th: Multi-LLC/S-Corp filing
1st: DE Corp annual report
APR
15th: Individual/C-Corp filing
15th: Form 5472 due
15th: Q1 estimated tax
15th: CA franchise tax
MAY
1st: FL annual report
15th: TX Franchise Tax
JUN
15th: Q2 estimated tax
1st: DE LLC annual report
JUL
AUG
SEP
15th: Q3 estimated tax
15th: LLC/S-Corp extension deadline
OCT
15th: Individual/C-Corp ext. deadline
15th: FBAR extension deadline
NOV
DEC

※ WY/CA annual reports are based on formation month, so they vary by entity. Overseas residents get an automatic extension from 4/15 to 6/15.

Entity TypeFiling FormDeadlineExtension
Single-Member LLC (non-resident)Form 1040-NR + Schedule CApril 15Until Oct 15
Multi-Member LLCForm 1065March 15Until Sep 15
C-CorporationForm 1120April 15Until Oct 15

SECTION 06

10 Common Mistakes

❌ Ignoring CA Nexus

If you have customers, employees, or inventory in CA, you cannot avoid the $800 franchise tax even if you formed in another state.

❌ Opening Bank Account Without EIN

An EIN is required for a bank account. Follow the order: formation → EIN → bank.

❌ Not Drafting an Operating Agreement

Without one, banks may reject your application and you lose member dispute protection. Required even for single-member LLCs.

❌ Confusing RA Address with Business Address

The RA address is for Secretary of State registration only. Use a business address for the IRS, banks, and clients.

❌ Missing Annual Report Deadlines

Late filing means fines and risk of administrative dissolution. Set calendar reminders immediately after formation.

❌ Mixing Personal and Business Accounts

This can pierce the corporate veil. All business transactions must go through the business account only.

❌ Not Filing When There Is No Revenue

Zero filing is required even with no revenue. Failure to file results in accumulated penalties.

❌ Choosing a State Based Only on Cost

Changing states later (Domestication) is complex and expensive. Consider your business purpose holistically.

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Next Step: AdvancedCovers Form 5472, U.S.-Korea tax treaty, Multi-State Compliance, intellectual property, and business credit. Go to Advanced →

Disclaimer: This material is for educational purposes only and does not replace legal or tax advice. Always consult a professional (attorney, CPA).

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